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Cities: from emission hotspots to climate action innovators

FLUXES: The European Greenhouse Gas Bulletin

FLUXES: The European Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
Volume 4, 2025

Cities: from emission hotspots to climate action innovators

Cities emit a large amount of greenhouse gases, but they also hold significant potential to mitigate the climate crisis. While national governments set ambitious climate targets, cities are where policies turn into tangible action.

For a city to truly tackle its greenhouse gas emissions, it must first know what it’s up against. Cities need accurate and timely emissions data to monitor and track climate action progress.

This volume of FLUXES focuses on greenhouse gas emissions in cities. The topics are the following:

  • New emissions data guides cities towards zero carbon
  • Decarbonising cities: transport, buildings and nature
  • Tracking city climate action impact with digital tools

 

FLUXES is an annual publication by ICOS, the Integrated Carbon Observation System — a European Research Infrastructure. The aim is to highlight topical climate issues to policy advisers and climate journalists. The first volume was published in 2022.
By Werner Kutsch

FLUXES Editorial

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By Anna Gumbau and Charlotta Henry

From hotspots to innovators

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By Charlotta Henry

Citizens count on local action

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By Anna Gumbau and Charlotta Henry

Climate risks in cities: Valencia under threat

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By Kira Taylor

On the path to urban decarbonisation

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By Sean Goulding Carroll

Cities exploring new technology for emissions monitoring

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By Sean Goulding Carroll

Tracking Zurich’s path to carbon neutrality

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By Sean Goulding Carroll

New, real-time emissions data upgrades Munich’s climate action

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By Sean Goulding Carroll

Detecting emissions from Parisian rooftops

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By Kira Taylor

Tools for monitoring and guiding urban climate action

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By Charlotta Henry

Paris climate scenarios: evaluating the region’s race to decarbonise

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Previous issues

Volume 4, 2025

Cities: from emission hotspots to climate action innovators

Cities emit a large amount of greenhouse gases, but they also hold significant potential to mitigate the climate crisis. While national governments set ambitious climate targets, cities are where policies turn into tangible action.
Volume 3, 2024

MRV: A critical tool for tracking emissions and accelerating climate action

We need to drastically reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. The latest issue of FLUXES, the European Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, by ICOS – sheds light on an essential tool to help decision-makers assess progress towards a net zero world: science-based Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems.
Volume 2, 2023

Nature-based solutions for net zero

FLUXES vol 2 highlights the potential and limitations of nature-based solutions for carbon removals from a scientific perspective. FLUXES is an annual scientific publication addressing climate change related issues supporting European policy-makers.

Volume 1, 2022

Are carbon sinks at risk?

This inaugural edition of FLUXES explores how long-term observation data can answer questions such as:

Has there been an acceleration of the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?’
Has extreme weather in Europe influenced the carbon cycle of ecosystems and, consequently, changed their ability to store carbon?’