Data products

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This page summarises the major data products offered by ICOS. These datasets are offered as collections of data and are released under the ICOS CC4BY licence. All individual data objects offered by ICOS can be browsed through the main ICOS Carbon Portal data app.

ICOS Near Real Time Observational Data (Level 1)

Near Real-Time growing time series containing data from the atmospheric network of ICOS Research Infrastructure for the stations shown below in the tables. This collection contains measurements from currently (November 2023) 38 ICOS Ecosystem measurements stations, starting from the latest date of final released Level 2 data or the date of labelling. 

Measurements have been collected using the following instructions:

Near Real-Time growing time series containing data from the atmospheric network of ICOS Research Infrastructure for the stations shown below in the tables. This collection contains the NRT hourly averaged data for the mole fractions of CO2, CO and CH4, measured at the relevant vertical levels of the measurements stations, starting from the latest date of final released Level 2 data or the date of labelling.

ICOS Final Fully Quality Controlled Observational Data (Level 2)

This is the 2023-2 INTERIM release of the ICOS final qual

This 2023-1 release contains data from the atmospheric network of ICOS Research Infrastructure for 38 stations with atmospheric composition data at all available vertical levels at stations Birkenes, Cabauw, Gartow, Helgoland, Hohenpeißenberg, Hyltemossa, Ispra, Izaña, Jungfraujoch, Jülich, Karlsruhe, Křešín u Pacova, La Réunion, Lampedusa, Lindenberg, Lutjewad, Monte Cimone, Norunda, OPE, Ochsenkopf, Pallas, Plateau Rosa, Puijo, Puy de Dôme, La Réunion, Ridge Hill, Saclay, SMEAR-II Hyytiälä, Station Nord, Schauinsland, Steinkimmen, Svartberget, Torfhaus, Trainou, Utö - Baltic Sea, Westerla

This is release 2023 of the final quality controlled Leve

Historic Observational Time Series For ICOS and Non-ICOS Stations

UPDATED February 2024

Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Mole Fractions of CO2 collected by the ICOS ATC, covering the period 1972-2024, including final quality-controlled Level 2 ICOS data, release 2023-1 and NRT data up to 1 February 2024. During the most recent period, a selected set of stations, after being labelled as ICOS stations, observations follow the ICOS Atmospheric Station specification V2.0.

UPDATED February 2024

Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Mole Fractions of CH4 collected by the ICOS ATC, covering the period 1984-2024, including final quality-controlled Level 2 ICOS data, release 2022-1 and NRT data up to 1 February 2024. During the most recent period, a selected set of stations, after being labelled as ICOS stations, observations follow the ICOS Atmospheric Station specification V2.0.

This is the release of the observational data product for eddy covariance fluxes at 73 stations in the ecosystem domain, part of them outside the ICOS network, covering the period 1989-2020. The data are in the standard format used for the ICOS L2 ecosystem products and also used by other regional networks like AmeriFlux.

This dataset for historic ambient N2O mole fractions is an important outcome of the FP7 InGOS project (http://www.ingos-infrastructure.eu, Grant Agreement Number 284274). Data from 12 stations have been reprocessed for the period 2000-2015; in some cases involving re-integration of chromatograms and in all cases re-calibrating the time series using updated assigned values for standard gases and target gases. All data have been brought to the same concentration scale (NOAA-2006A).

This dataset for historic ambient CH4 mole fractions is an important outcome of the FP7 InGOS project (http://www.ingos-infrastructure.eu, Grant Agreement Number 284274). Data from 17 stations have been reprocessed for the period 2000-2015; in some cases involving re-integration of chromatograms and in all cases re-calibrating the time series using updated assigned values for standard gases and target gases. All data have been brought to the same concentration scale (NOAA-2006A).

This is the release of the observational data product for eddy covariance fluxes at 52 stations in the ecosystem domain, part of them outside the ICOS network, from the Drought-2018 team and covering the period 1989-2018. The data are in the standard format used for the ICOS L2 ecosystem products and also used by other regional networks like AmeriFlux.

Elaborated Data Products (Level 3)

In this file, we include the data from the GCB2023 inversions on 1x1 degrees latitude-longitude. The variables include the prior and posterior land biosphere and ocean carbon fluxes. The land biosphere fluxes have been adjusted to a common fossil fuel emissions dataset (land_flux_only_fossil_cement_adjusted). This allows the inverse estimates to be compared to each other within this ensemble.

The X-BASE products are global fluxes based on the FLUXCOM-X framework which trains machine learning models on in-situ eddy covariance data and uses them to produce these global products. The X-BASE experiment is a basic configuration to serve as a baseline for the FLUXCOM-X framework and includes as predictors the core meteorological data, plant functional type classification as well as MODIS based vegetation indices and land surface temperature. XGBoost was used as the machine learning algorithm.

European hourly NEE, GPP and total respiration for 2010-2022 based on LPJ-GUESS (generated in 2023)

Collection of hourly CO2 fluxes for 2017-2023, format is cf-1.7 compliant netcdf, containing hourly estimates of biospheric fluxes, anthropogenic emissions (total and per sector), GFAS fire emissions and Jena CarboScope ocean fluxes, all re-gridded to match the resolution of the biospheric fluxes. Net ecosystem productivity (gross primary production minus respiration). Positive fluxes are emissions, negative mean uptake.

VPRM biosphere model results in Europe for 2006-2022. Biosphere-atmosphere exchange flux simulations were performed using:
- Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model VPRM (Mahadevan et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002735)
- VPRM parameters optimized for the year 2007 using 46 sites within Europe (available from www.europe-fluxdata.eu)
- VPRM preprocessor code version Rev.116 - VPRM optimization code version Rev.7 - VPRM offline code version Rev. 13
- MODIS Terra MOD09A1 surface reflectances version 6

Global hourly NEE, GPP and total respiration for 2010-2022 based on LPJ-GUESS (generated in 2023)

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions for Europe adjusted for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by using daily factors based on sector- and country-specific emissions read from https://carbonmonitor.org.

Ensemble of inverse modelling estimates of European CO2 fluxes for 2006-2015 as part of the EUROCOM inversion intercomparison; monthly fluxes; 0.5 deg. x 0.5 deg.; Supplementary material for Monteil et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-1008